Topical Pharmacology of Imidazole Antifungals

Abstract

Four imidazole derivatives have now undergone extensive open and comparative trials as topical agents in dermatomycoses and vaginal candidosis. They are chlormidazole, clotrimazole, miconazole and econazole; all also have some antibacterial activity. Many other imidazoles have been marketed, usually as antiprotozoal or anthelminthic agents, and some of these have some antimycotic activity and other miscellaneous therapeutic properties. The mode of action of imidazole antimycotic agents is discussed; after prolonged topical application to animals and human subjects, systemic absorption is negligible. All 4 agents, which are available as cream, powder, lotion or vaginal tablets, have many successful studies to their credit, often with clinical and mycological cure rates of over 80% in a variety of dermatomycoses and in vaginal candidosis. The relative value of these topical agents is discussed and in severe and extensive dermatomycoses consideration should probably be given to the systemic use of miconazole in support of topical therapy.