Unrelated sequences at the 5′ end of mouse LINE-1 repeated elements define two distinct sub-families

Abstract

Some full length members of the mouse long interspersed repeated DNA family L1Md have been shown to be associated at their 5′ end with a variable number of tandem repetitions, the A repeats, that have been suggested to be transcription controlling elements. We report that the other type of repeat, named F, found at the 5′ end of a few L1 elements is also an integral part of full length L1 copies. Sequencing shows that the F repeats are GC rich, and organized in tandem. The L1 copies associated with either A or F repeats can be correlated with two different subsets of L1 sequences distinguished by a series of variant nucleotides specific to each and by unassociated but frequent restriction sites. These findings suggest that sequence replacement has occured at least once in 5′ of L1Md, and is related to the generation of specific subfamilies.