These three families are represented in the Flora Aethiopica by the following six species: Ophioglossum costatimi R. Br., Ophioglossum polyphyllum A. Br. apud Seubert, Ophioglossum lusoafricanum Welw. ex Prantl (Ophioglossaceae); Osmnnda regalis var. abyssinica (Kuhn) Pic. Ser. (Osmundaceae); Anemia schimperiana Presi, Anemia aethiopica Pic. Ser. (Schizaeaceae). Each family and each genus is studied from the taxonomical and nomenclatural point of view, while synonyms, type, illustrations, localities, ecological data, geographical distribution and critical observations on taxonomy and nomenclature are established for each species. The main results of this study may be summarized as follows: Ophioglossum costatum R. Br. is the correct name for the species previously referred to as Ophioglossum pedunculosum Desv. and Ophioglossum fibrosum Schum. The species indicated as Ophioglossum capense Schlecht, (non Swartz), Ophioglossum regulare (Schlecht.) C. Chr., Ophioglossum cuspidatum Milde and Ophioglossum Aitchisoni (Clarke) D'Almeida must be named Ophioglossum polyphyllum A. Br. apud Seubert. SWARTZ'S Ophioglossum capense based on Ophioglossum lusitanicum Thunb. (non L.) is a synonym of Ophioglossum nudicaule L. Ophioglossum lusoafricanum Welw. ex Prantl is regarded as distinct from Ophioglossum lanci folium Presi. The distinctive characteristics of Osmun- da regalis var. abyssinica (Kuhn) Pic. Ser. are established. Anemia wightiana Gardn. from India is regarded as distinct from Anemia schimperiana Presi. The following new taxa are proposed: Cheiroglossa Louisii (Taton) Pic. Ser. comb. nov. (= Ophioglossum Louisii Taton), Osmunda regalis var. abyssinien (Kuhn) Pic. Ser. comb. nov. (= Osmunda regalis var. Plumieri form. abyssinica Kuhn), Anemia Sirnii var. angustiloba (Bonap.) Pic. Ser. comb, nov. (= Anemia schimperiana var. angustiloba Bonap.), Anemia aethiopica Pic. Ser. sp. nov.