Determination of Anthocyanidins in Berries and Red Wine by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of anthocyanidins from berries and red wine is described. Delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and malvidin contents of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), black currant (Ribes nigrum), strawberry (Fragariaananassa cv. Jonsok), and a Cabernet sauvignon (Vitis vinifera) red wine were determined. The aglycon forms of the anthocyanins present in the samples were revealed by acid hydrolysis. A reversed phase analytical column was employed to separate the anthocyanidins before identification by diode array detection. The suitability of the method was tested by determining the recovery (95−102% as aglycons and 69−104% from glycosides) for each anthocyanidin. Method repeatability was tested by charting the total aglycon content of two samples over a period of 14 analyses and determining the coefficients of variation (1.41% for bilberry and 2.56% for in-house reference material). The method developed proved thus to be effective for reliable determination of anthocyanidins from freeze-dried berry samples and red wine. The total anthocyanidin content of the tested samples was as follows: in-house reference material, 447 ± 8 mg/100 g; strawberry, 23.8 ± 0.4 mg/100 g; black currant, 135 ± 3 mg/100 g; bilberry, 360 ± 3 mg/100 g; and Cabernet sauvignon red wine, 26.1 ± 0.1 mg/100 mL. Keywords: Anthocyanidins; HPLC; diode array; berries; red wine; Vaccinium myrtillus; Ribes nigrum; Fragaria ananassa; Vitis vinifera