Readers may be interested in the status of the concept of “alienation” and of Marx's Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 (where the topic is most extensively discussed) in mainstream Chinese Marxism. The topic is important, among other reasons, because it has figured so prominently in “revisionist” philosophical writings of the problem of freedom in societies where the bureaucracy becomes a new class. The points I am about to make are based both on my own research and on talks with philosophers in the People's Republic in 1973.