Growth Factors Bind Receptor Tyrosine Kinases to Stimulate Cell Survival, Cell Division, Cell Growth, and Cytoskeletal Rearrangement

Abstract

Abstract: These two animations show some of the molecular events associated with the growth factors activation of receptor tyrosine kinases that leads to the stimulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. In Animation 1, growth factors stimulate cell survival and entry into the S phase of the cell cycle. In Animation 2, growth factors stimulate the activation of proteins that regulate the cytoskeleton, stimulation of protein synthesis, and stimulation of the Tec family of tyrosine kinases. Animation 2 also shows how the action of phosphatases, such as PTEN, terminates signaling and resets the system to receive a new stimulus. The cellular processes illustrated include protein and lipid phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, protein degradation, protein translocation, and regulation of gene expression.