Modulating effects in human diets of dietary fibre and beef, and of time and dose on the reactive microcapsule trapping of benzo[a]pyrene matabolites in the rat gastrointestinal tract

Abstract

Trapping by magnetic plyethyleneimine (PEI) microcapsules was utilized to investigate the influence in male rats of dose, human dietary composition and time-independence on reactive metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; also, PEI microcapsules modified with copper phthalocyanine tetrasulphonic acid (CPTS) were tested in vivo for trapping of endogenous mutagens having planar molecular structure. In a preliminary experiment the PEI microcapsules were administered by gavage at 0, 24 and 48 h, with [¹⁴C]B[a]P at 2 h to chow-fed BDVI rats; microcapsules were recovered from faeces collected at 24,48 and 72 h, and then subjected to an extraction sequence showing that the trapped B[a]P metabolites were inconsistent with B[a]P diol epoxide trapping (as previously found) and uoaltered by elapsed time or 5-fold dose alteration of B[a]P. Then five groups of F344 rats were fed isocalorically either one of four low-fat human diets or rat chow; in order to investigate influences of diet both on B[a]P and endogenous mutagens, half of each group was tested at 2 weeks with this PEI microcapsulel[¹⁴C]B[a]P protocol and then at 3 weeks, PEI—CPTS microcapsules (two gavages). So as to provide a cross-over comparison, the other half of each group was first tested with PEI—CPTS microcapsules followed by PEI microcapsules/[¹⁴C]B[a]P 1 week later. The human diets were prepared from cooked British foods so as to simulate the adequate intake of all nutrients required by humans; but with 3-fold differences in intake levels of beef and dietary fibre non-starch polysaccharide (NSP), while ensuring the same intake of available energy, protein, fat and calcium. They gave very similar body-weight gains In the four groups but greatly reduced faecal weight, protein and total faecal enzyme activity compared with chow; the extraction pattern of microcapsuletrapped B[a]P metabolite radioactivity was not significantly altered. However, human diet consumption caused a 2- to 6-fold increase in B[a]P metabolite binding to microcapsules and reductions in microcapsule recovery, net 70-h B[a]P excretion, faecal protein and total activities for β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase; these effects were more pronounced after 3 weeks, presumably due to prolonged dietary adaptation. Increased NSP in human diets significantly increased the B[a]P metabolite excretion and marginally reduced the microcapsule binding. The increase in microcapsule binding