The Problem of Color Vision in Fishes

Abstract

A critical survey of the most important experiments in the field. Hess clearly showed that most of the earlier evidence in support of color vision was faulty, that the behavior observed and reported was probably due to brightness rather than color discrimination. Hess claims that all fishes are color-blind. But recent investigations, in most of which the "learning method" has been used, indicate that certain species of fishes can under favorable conditions discriminate colors. It seems probable that there are both specific and age differences in the degree of this capacity. There is a bibliography of 52 titles.