THE RENAL LESIONS OF ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE

Abstract

A dietary depletion of magnesium in rats leads to the production in the thin limb of Henle''s loop of the nephrons of spherical microliths composed of a matrix of PAS [Periodic Acid Schiff]-positive substances and calcium phosphate. These microliths grow by accretion to form intranephronic calculi. The classical pathological syndrome of clinical nephrolithiasis is thus reproduced within the nephron; to wit; the origin of the calculus at a certain level, local traumatic damage at the site of its origin, passage with the fluid flow down the urinary passages, lodgment of the calculus at some restricting point, obstruction of fluid flow and the usual consequent localized intrarenal "hydronephrotic" alterations of regressive atrophic cellular dysplasias within the nephron. To the classical description of the 2 forms of urinary lithiases occurring in the bladder and in the renal pelvis must therefore be added a third form, intranephronic calculosis. From the first origin of a microlith to its ultimate form as a calculus its organized structure is characterized by its matrix (PAS-positive materials) in which the periodic precipitation of crystalline mineral (Ca++, PO3[long dash]) occurs in a pattern simulating Liesegang rings.