An evaluation of automaticity and triggered activity in the canine heart one to four days after myocardial infarction.

Abstract

Both abnormal automaticity and triggered activity induced by delayed afterdepolarizations have been proposed as the primary mechanism for ventricular tachycardia (VT) occurring in dogs 24 hr after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Because of this controversy, we studied the effects of ventricular pacing and therapeutic concentrations of lidocaine and ethmozin on sustained rhythmic activity of isolated subendocardial preparations excised from the infarct, and on VT in conscious dogs. There were differences in the sustained rhythmic activity cycle length of isolated preparations and the VT cycle length that were attributable to the absence of sympathetic input in the former and its presence in the latter. In isolated tissues, pacing for 1 or 10 beats reset the sustained rhythmic activity and pacing for 1 min induced overdrive suppression. Lidocaine (5 micrograms/ml) had no effect on sustained rhythmic activity but ethmozin (2 micrograms/ml) suppressed it. Delayed afterdepolarizations occurred but appeared to be induced by pacing or by the hyperpolarization associated with recovery. Although delayed afterdepolarizations were infrequent at 24 hr, their frequency increased with the hyperpolarization of the membrane that occurred at 48 to 96 hr after infarction. Delayed afterdepolarizations also occurred more readily when superfusate temperature was lowered. In conscious dogs, pacing the VT for 1 or 10 beats or 1 min had no effect. Lidocaine (2 to 10 micrograms/ml) did not affect the VT but ethmozin (2 to 5 micrograms/ml) increased VT cycle length significantly. Pacing for 1 min in the presence of ethmozin, but not lidocaine, converted VT to sinus rhythm. Our results suggest that although delayed afterdepolarizations occur at 24 hr after infarction in the standard Harris preparation, they are most readily seen as an accompaniment of hyperpolarization, pacing, or lowering of bath temperature. The predominant rhythm at 24 hr appears to be automatic.