Asensitive, Selective, and Rapid Colorimetric Method to Determine Cyanide Contamination in Containers, Capsules, and Liquids

Abstract

A new formulation of the Konig colorimetric method for cyanide is selective, has increased stability, and is sensitive to a few ppb. The formulation can be placed as a strip on the safety seals of bottles to indicate tampering, placed in a syringe and used to sample head space gas in commercial products or liquids to test for tampering, or placed in the desiccant container in bottles of capsules or tablets. Reaction with head space gas requires just a few seconds, and less than an hour is required if the cyanide must first permeate through capsules. Liquids also can be either drawn directly into the syringe, or the cyanide evolved by adding an Alka-seltzer tablet to purge the gas. Reactions are immediate. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia which interfere with several other cyanide tests, do not interfere with this formulation. A mixture of N-chlorosuccinimide and succinimide oxidizes CN^- to CN⁺. The cyanogen ion selectively reacts with 4-phenylpyridine to form a dialdehyde, which is then coupled with either barbituric acid (red rapidly turning to blue) or 3-methyl-l-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (purple slowly turning to green black).