Cracks in Thin Sheets: When Geometry Rules the Fracture Path

Abstract

We study the propagation of brittle fractures coupled to large out-of-plane bending, as when a brittle elastic thin sheet is cut by a moving object. Taking into account the separation of the film's bending and stretching energies and using fracture theory we show that such cracks propagate according to a simple set of geometrical rules in the limit of small thickness. In particular, this provides some insight into the geometrical origin of the oscillatory fracture patterns reported in two recent experiments. Numerical integration of our geometrical rules accurately reproduces both the shape of the fracture pattern and the detailed time evolution of the propagation of the crack tip, for various geometries of the cutting object.