Learning from texts that refute the reader's prior knowledge

Abstract

Most research on the effect of prior knowledge on reading comprehension has concerned knowledge that is congruent with the information in the text. This study investigated the effect of prior knowledge that is incongruent with the text and the effect of three different text structures on fifth‐and sixth‐graders’ comprehension. There was no effect for condition of prior knowledge. Text structures that explicitly contrasted the reader's misconception with the correct information were more effective, as measured by both free recall and questions, than texts that simply stated the correct information. Explicit recall of elements of contrast structure was positively related to recall of correct information. Recalls from poor comprehenders often listed the misconception and the correct information without signaling the contradiction. Recalls from good comprehenders showed a preference for a contrast structure in which the misconception is given first, followed by the refutation.