Vibrational relaxation effects in weak shock waves in air and the structure of sonic bangs

Abstract

Vibrational relaxation of oxygen and nitrogen is shown to be important in determining the structure of weak shock waves in air. Of particular interest are waves with pressure jumps of 100Pa1 Pa ≡ 1 pascal = 1 N m−2. or less which are present in the atmosphere as sonic bangs. It is found that the structure of the waves depends on shock strength, ambient pressure, temperature and humidity.