Direct observation of ferroelectric domains in modified PZT ceramics by transmission electron microscopy

Abstract
Ferroelectric domain configurations and other crystal imperfections in tin‐modified PZT ceramics were directly observed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Specimens in both the unpoled and poled conditions were examined. 90° domain walls appear to predominate, and typical examples are given for both cases. The implications of this direct method for development of ferroelectric devices are outlined.