Adaptive nonlinear filters for narrow-band interference suppression in spread-spectrum CDMA systems

Abstract

This paper presents a novel nonlinear filter and parameter estimator for narrow-band interference suppression in code division multiple access spread-spectrum systems. As in the article by Rusch and Poor, the received sampled signal is modeled as the sum of the spread-spectrum signal (modeled as a finite- state independently identically distributed (iid) process—here we generalize to a finite state Markov chain), narrow-band interference (modeled as a Gaussian autoregressive process), and observation noise (modeled as a zero-mean white Gaussian process). The proposed algorithm combines a recursive hidden Markov model (HMM) estimator, Kalman filter (KF), and the recursive expectation maximization algorithm. The nonlinear filtering tech- niques for narrow-band interference suppression presented in Rusch and Poor (9) and our proposed HMM-KF algorithm have the same computational cost. Detailed simulation studies show that the HMM-KF algorithm outperforms the filtering techniques in Rusch and Poor (9). In particular, significant improvements in the bit error rate and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhancement are obtained in low to medium SNR. Furthermore, in simulation studies we investigate the effect on the performance of the HMM- KF and the approximate conditional mean (ACM) filter in the paper by Rusch and Poor, when the observation noise variance is increased. As expected, the performance of the HMM-KF and ACM algorithms worsen with increasing observation noise and number of users. However, HMM-KF significantly outperforms ACM in medium to high observation noise.