Effects of narcotic analgesics and antagonists on the in vivo release of acetylcholine from the cerebral cortex of the cat

Abstract

1 In cats under light allobarbitone anaesthesia, the effects of intravenous injections of narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics, of a general depressant, and of narcotic antagonists were investigated on the spontaneous release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the surface of the sensorimotor cortex. 2 The narcotic analgesics morphine (0·1, 1·0 and 5 mg/kg), meperidine (1·0 and 2·0 mg/kg), methadone (1·0 mg/kg) and codeine (5·0 and 10·0 mg/kg) greatly reduced ACh release. 3 The non-narcotic analgesics pentazocine (1·0 and 2·0 mg/kg) and propoxyphene (5·0 and 10·0 mg/kg) as well as the depressant chlorpromazine (0·25, 0·5 and 1·0 mg/kg) also greatly reduced ACh release. 4 Two of the three narcotic antagonists examined, levallorphan (0·1, 1·0 and 5 mg/kg) and nalorphine (1·0 mg/kg) had the property of reducing ACh release. They were thus partial agonists. With levallorphan the greatest reduction occurred with the smallest dose injected and the effect was regularly obtained, whereas with nalorphine a reduction was obtained in some experiments only. The third, naloxone, was a specific narcotic antagonist and did not reduce the ACh release in any dose (0·01, 0·1, 0·5 and 1·0 mg/kg) examined. In a dose of 1·0 mg/kg it actually produced a small increase in Ach release. 5 Naloxone (0·1–1·0 mg/kg) restored the reduction in ACh release produced by the narcotic analgesics and by the partial agonist levallorphan. It partially restored the reduction produced by the non-narcotic analgesics and by nalorphine, but had no effect on the reduction produced by chlorpromazine. 6 The relevance of these results with regard to analgesia and to the narcotic abstinence syndrome is discussed.