Atrial Natriuretic Peptide During Different Pacing Modes in a Comparison with Hemodynamic Changes

Abstract

The study investigates the response of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to different cardiac pacing modes in comparison with hemodynamic changes. Ten patients underwent Swan-Ganz catheterization during pacemaker implant. Atrioventricular and ventricular pacing were performed consecutively at three pacing rate levels (80, 100, and 110 ppm). Blood samples were taken from the pulmonary artery for ANP determination, both basally and at the end of each pacing period. Concomitantly, mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) were measured. Cardiac output (CO) was determined by thermodilution both basally and during the 110 ppm steps. During atrioventricular pacing, whereas no significant changes were observed for ANP, PCWP and PAP, CO increased significantly (P less than 0.0005). At the beginning of ventricular pacing hemodynamic parameters and ANP levels were comparable with those of baseline conditions. During subsequent ventricular pacing PCWP and ANP increased significantly at the 110 ppm rate step (P less than 0.05). PAP did not change significantly, whereas CO decreased in all cases (P less than 0.01). A positive correlation was observed between ANP and PCWP during ventricular (P less than 0.001), but not atrioventricular pacing. The results, while confirming the hemodynamic advantages of atrioventricular pacing, point to a major stimulation of ANP secretion during ventricular pacing. This fact, together with the observed drop in CO and the correlation between ANP and PCWP, suggest that the increase of ANP in ventricular pacing may be the expression of a compensatory mechanism to the hemodynamic disadvantages of atrioventricular asynchrony.