The Role of Electrolytes in Affective Disorders

Abstract

THE demonstration by Hodgkin and Katz¹ that the process of polarization and depolarization of the cell membrane depends upon the gradients of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) across the cell membrane has become a cornerstone to our understanding of the propagation of action potentials. The possibility that abnormalities in Na or K metabolism might account for altered neuronal excitability and might be manifest clinically as disturbed behavior has intrigued clinicians and investigators. In early studies, reviewed by Altschule,² concentrations of electrolytes in body fluids of patients with affective disorders usually were found to be normal. Changes in electrolyte balance during the course of a psychiatric illness have also been studied; cyclic mood disorders, such as manic-depressive disease, are especially suitable for this research approach. A number of early reports indicated that Na retention occurred during depression and that Na