A 71-yr-old female patient was admitted for investigation of a massive leukocytosis and weight loss. Physical examination revealed a reduction in the respiratory excursion of the left lung, a left pleural friction rub located ventrobasally and tension of the upper abdominal wall. An additional diagnostic procedure excluded extrasplenic disease. Ultrasound-guided puncture demonstrated the presence of pus in the splenic bed and splenic abscess was diagnosed. Subsequent surgery confirmed this diagnosis. Histological findings revealed extensive splenic infarction. Since bacteriological investigation revealed the identical pathogens [Escherichia coli and Proteus morganii] in the pus obtained with the puncture needle, in the intraoperative swab and in the midstream urine, the splenic abscess was most likely caused by hematogenous spread of a urinary tract infection into the splenic infarction. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the 11th postoperative day, free of symptoms. The clinical picture, radiological diagnosis, origin, therapy and course of splenic abscess are discussed with reference to the literature.