From Transactions to Transformations

Abstract

This article reviews recent developments in leadership. It discusses the shift towards the language of performance outcomes used increasingly to describe leaders and leadership and the changing political and economic environments in which educational leaders act. Theories have polarized around transformational and managerial leadership, the former emphasizing the personalities and action of individuals, and the latter stressing a rational, structural approach. Both create the impression of newness and difference but display strong continuities with previous theories of leadership. The significance on follower perspectives of leadership is highlighted and alternative methodological approaches emphasizing historical and comparative contexts are outlined. The paper concludes with an example of visionary leadership in education.