Biogenesis of the Fraction 1 Capsule and Analysis of the Ultrastructure of Yersinia pestis

Abstract
Analysis of a Yersinia pestis Δ caf1A mutant demonstrated that the Caf1A usher is required for the assembly and secretion of the fraction 1 capsule. The capsule assembled into thin fibrils and denser aggregates on the bacterial surface. Pilus-like fibers were also detected on the surface of Y. pestis . The capsule occasionally coated these fibers, suggesting how the capsule may cloak surface features to prevent host recognition.