Lactococcus lactis glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, gap: further evidence for strongly biased codon usage in glycolytic pathway genes

Abstract

The gene gap, encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12), was isolated from a genomic library of Lactococcus lactis LM0230 DNA. Plasmids containing the L. lactis gene were able to complement a gap mutant of Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of gap predicted a polypeptide chain of 337 amino acids for the enzyme and a subunit molecular mass of 36043. The codon usage in gap and four other glycolytic genes from L. lactis showed a high degree of bias, when compared with 84 other chromosomal genes. Northern blot analysis of total L. lactis RNA showed that gap hybridized strongly with a 1·3 kb transcript. The 5′ end of the transcript was determined by primer extension analysis to be a C located 35 bp upstream from the gap start codon. These transcript analyses, and the orientation of the open reading frames in the DNA flanking gap, indicated that in L. lactis gap is expressed on a monocistronic transcript. Nucleotide sequencing indicated that the DNA adjacent to gap did not encode other glycolytic pathway enzymes. The DNA sequence flanking gap contained two open reading frames (ORF156 and ORF211) of unknown function. The 3′ end of a clpA homologue was identified in the sequence upstream of ORF156. The location of gap on the L. lactis DL11 chromosome map was determined to be between map coordinates 0·530 and 0·660.