Until recently, all reports on the subject of ulcerative colitis were discouraging. For many years it has been the opinion of most gastro-enterologists that the treatment of colitis was mainly that of the specific forms of ulcerative colitis and that the diagnosis of the nonspecific ulcerative colitis was based on the existence of colon ulcers with negative bacteriologic observations. The first suggestion that the so-called nonspecific colitis was an infectious disease was made by Bargen1in 1924. He maintained that a diplostreptococcus of definite morphologic and cultural properties is an important etiologic factor in the causation of certain cases of chronic ulcerative colitis. Since then many investigators have confirmed his observations. The European investigators, too, until of recent date have always looked on chronic ulcerative colitis as of nonspecific origin. It is important to remember in this connection that distant foci of infection parallel to a great extent the