Attention covers a wide range of different concepts, variously referred to as spatial attention, divided attention, sustained attention, focused attention, visual attention, covert mental attention, inhibition of attention, and many others. There are likewise diverse disorders of attention resulting from different forms of brain damage. This chapter discusses forms of unilateral spatial neglect following unilateral brain damage as disorders of spatial attention and of visuospatial working memory, specific disorders of divided and sustained attention associated with Alzheimer’s disease, and failures of inhibition and focused attention associated with focal brain damage in the prefrontal cortex. Behavioral and neuroanatomical evidence is considered along with accounts of the cognitive impairments observed and implications of this evidence for theories of healthy cognition.