Hemodynamic Effects of Fenofibrate and Coenzyme Q10 in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects With Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction

Abstract

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the effects of fenofibrate and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) on diastolic function, ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), and heart rate (HR) in type 2 diabetic subjects with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We randomized, double-blind, 74 subjects to fenofibrate 160 mg daily, CoQ 200 mg daily, fenofibrate 160 mg plus CoQ 200 mg daily, or matching placebo for 6 months. Echocardiography (including tissue Doppler imaging) and 24-h ABP and HR monitoring were performed pre- and postintervention. RESULTS—Neither fenofibrate nor CoQ, alone or in combination, altered early diastolic mitral annular myocardial relaxation velocity (E′), early-to-late mitral inflow velocity ratio (E/A), deceleration time, isovolumic relaxation time, or the ratio of early mitral flow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular myocardial relaxation velocity (E/E′) compared with placebo (P > 0.05). Fenofibrate and CoQ interactively (P = 0.001) lowered 24-h systolic blood pressure (−3.4 ± 0.09 mmHg, P = 0.010), with a prominent nocturnal effect (−5.7 ± 1.5 mmHg, P = 0.006). Fenofibrate (−1.3 ± 0.5 mmHg, P = 0.013) and CoQ (−2.2 ± 0.5 mmHg, P < 0.001) independently lowered 24-h diastolic blood pressure. Fenofibrate reduced 24-h HR (−3.3 ± 0.5 beats/min, P < 0.001), but CoQ had no effect on HR. CONCLUSIONS—In type 2 diabetic subjects with LVDD, neither fenofibrate nor CoQ, alone or in combination, improved diastolic function significantly. However, fenofibrate and CoQ independently and interactively lowered 24-h blood pressure, and fenofibrate alone reduced 24-h HR.