Methylohalobius crimeensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, methanotrophic bacterium isolated from hypersaline lakes of Crimea

Abstract

A novel genus and species are proposed for two strains of methanotrophic bacteria isolated from hypersaline lakes in the Crimean Peninsula of Ukraine. Strains 10Ki^T and 4Kr are moderate halophiles that grow optimally at 1–1·5 M (5·8–8·7 %, w/v) NaCl and tolerate NaCl concentrations from 0·2 M up to 2·5 M (1·2–15 %). This optimum and upper limit are the highest for any methanotrophic bacterium known to date. The strains are Gram-negative, aerobic, non-pigmented, motile, coccoid to spindle-shaped bacteria that grow on methane or methanol only and utilize the ribulose monophosphate pathway for carbon assimilation. They are neutrophilic (growth occurs only in the range pH 6·5–7·5) and mesophilic (optimum growth occurs at 30 °C). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains 10Ki^T and 4Kr represent a type I methanotroph within the ‘Gammaproteobacteria’. However, the 16S rRNA gene sequence displays ω7 (52–61 %), 16 : 0 (22–23 %) and 16 : 1ω7 (14–20 %). The dominance of 18 : 1 over 16 : 0 and 16 : 1 fatty acids is unique among known type I methanotrophs. The data suggest that strains 10Ki^T and 4Kr should be considered as belonging to a novel genus and species of type I methanotrophic bacteria, for which the name Methylohalobius crimeensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. Strain 10Ki^T (=DSM 16011^T=ATCC BAA-967^T) is the type strain.