Electronic simulation of Josephson tunneling, including the effects of frequency, temperature, and the superconducting energy gap

Abstract

An electronic device which simulates the Werthamer theory of Josephson tunneling is described. The simulator includes the effects of frequency, temperature, and the superconducting energy gap. The nonlinear quasi-particle resistance, and the related reactive term, are also modeled. Current-voltage characteristics obtained with the simulator are presented for a variety of temperatures under both current and voltage bias conditions. Phenomena such as subgap structure, the Riedel peak, and photon-assisted tunneling are also illustrated. Finally, brief evidence of a new form of oscillatory behavior associated with the Riedel peak is presented.