The gastrointestinal absorption of kerosene has been investigated by the use of radioactive hendecane 1-C14 given under circumstances where no possibility of aspiration existed. The major concentration of kerosene was found in the liver 8 to 24 hours after administration. As a result the liver was increased in weight, had an increased fat content, and exhibited excessive mitosis. Severe lung pathology was encountered following the administration of larger amounts of kerosene. In rats paraffin oil was shown to decrease absorption and the toxic effects of kerosene ingestion, as well as to reduce the mortality when large amounts were administered. This constitutes a valid basis for further evaluation of the use of paraffin oil in the treatment of accidental kerosene poisoning in childhood.