Placement of fertilizers for row crops

Abstract

In experiments on peas, beans, carrots, kale, beetroot and spinach appropriate dressings of fertilizers placed in one band 3 in. below the soil surface and 2 in. to the side of the seed did not damage germination. Peas and beans are likely to be injured when even small dressings of soluble fertilizers are drilled in contact with or below the seed.In sixteen experiments on peas and nineteen experiments on beans in 1949–51 broadcast fertilizer gave small increases in yield of beans and peas in dry years and larger increases in wet years. In about one-quarter of all the experiments fertilizer broadcast early and either ploughed or cultivated deeply into the soils gave significantly higher yields than late dressings worked into the seed-beds. In roughly one-third of all the experiments on each crop there were significant increases in yield from placing as compared with broadcasting fertilizer. The average extra yields produced by placing fertilizer were 1·8 cwt. per acre of threshed peas, 9·3 cwt. per acre of green peas, 1·0 cwt. per acre of winter beans and 1·3 cwt. per acre of spring beans. For spring-sown crops extra yields from placement were greater than the increases from broadcasting fertilizer. There was little advantage from splitting the fertilizer dressing, broadcasting half and placing the remainder beside the seed.In most experiments on peas and beans, yields given by a single dressing of placed fertilizer were equal to, or greater than, the yields given by double dressings of broadcast fertilizer. When placed in the correct position quite small quantities of fertilizer are sufficient for maximum yields of such crops. The use of suitable drills should be profitable to farmers growing appreciable acreages of peas, beans and rapidly maturing horticultural crops. Where special placement drills are not available, fertilizers for peas and beans should be broadcast before cultivating to prepare the seed-bed and, when possible, the dressings should be ploughed-in. There was no advantage from placing fertilizer at the side of the seed for carrots, kale or beet. Placed fertilizer gave a higher yield of spinach than broadcast fertilizer.Placing fertilizer at the side and below the level of the seed is likely to give better yields than broadcast fertilizer for crops having short growing seasons or poorly developed roots and when broadcast nutrients are immobilized in the surface soil by drought.