Quantification of renal perfusion abnormalities using an intravascular contrast agent (part 2): Results in animals and humans with renal artery stenosis

Abstract

The interrelation between the morphologic degree of renal artery stenosis and changes in parenchymal perfusion is assessed using an intravascular contrast agent. In seven adult foxhounds, different degrees of renal artery stenosis were created with an inflatable clamp implanted around the renal artery. Dynamic susceptibility‐weighted gradient‐echo imaging was used to measure signal‐time curves in the renal artery and the renal parenchyma during administration of 1.5 mg/kg BW of an intravascular ultrasmall particle iron oxide (USPIO) contrast agent. From the dynamic series, regional renal blood volume (rRBV), regional renal blood flow (rRBF), and mean transit time (MTT) were calculated. The morphologic degree of stenosis was measured in the steady state using a high‐resolution 3D contrast‐enhanced (CE) MR angiography (MRA) sequence (voxel size = 0.7 × 0.7 × 1 mm³). Five patients with renoparenchymal damage due to long‐standing renal artery stenosis were evaluated. In the animal stenosis model, cortical perfusion remained unchanged for degrees of renal artery stenosis up to 80%. With degrees of stenoses > 80%, cortical perfusion dropped to 151 ± 54 ml/100 g of tissue per minute as compared to a baseline of 513 ± 76 ml/100 g/min. In the patients, a substantial difference in the cortical perfusion of more than 200 ± 40 ml/100 g/min between the normal and the ischemic kidneys was found. The results show that quantitative renal perfusion measurements in combination with 3D‐CE‐MRA allow the functional significance of a renal artery stenosis to be determined in a single MR exam. Differentiation between renovascular and renoparenchymal disease thus becomes feasible. Magn Reson Med 49:288–298, 2003.