On the concepts of controllability and observability of linear systems
- 1 April 1964
- journal article
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
- Vol. 9 (2), 129-136
- https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.1964.1105665
Abstract
The objectives of this paper are to give a self-contained presentation of the subject of "controllability" and "observability" (concepts due to Kalman) developed in a simple yet general and rigorous way; to introduce these concepts in terms of the output as well as in terms of the state; and to point out and illustrate some of the subtleties which exist in the time-varying case.Keywords
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