Hamiltonian Expectation Values for Time-Dependent Foldy-Wouthuysen Transformations: Implications for Electrodynamics and Resolution of the External-FieldAmbiguity
- 9 May 1977
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review Letters
- Vol. 38 (19), 1042-1045
- https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.38.1042
Abstract
Although the time-dependent Foldy-Wouthuysen (FW) transformation of the "Schrödinger" equation yields the transformed equation , where and , the expectation values () of are not equal to (), but rather, to (). But one still has . I discuss implications for perturbation calculations, scattering amplitudes, electrodynamics, and the external-field ambiguity, and look at exact special cases.
Keywords
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