Abdominocervical (transhiatal) oesophagectomy in the management of oesophageal carcinoma

Abstract

Fifty-four patients have undergone abdominocervical oesophagectomy for oesophageal carcinoma as an alternative to a conventional transthoracic approach. Their median age was 69 years, with a range of 38–90 years, and 39 per cent of patients had chronic cardiorespiratory disease. Lymph node metastases were found in 80 per cent of patients and transmural tumour spread in 91 per cent. Median duration of operation was 2·2 h (range 1·75–6·0 h), and median transfusion requirement was 2·5 units (range 0·8 units). Respiratory complications were common (41 per cent) and caused all six postoperative deaths (11 per cent). Other complications were atrial fibrillation (26 per cent), transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (11 per cent), cardiac failure (2 per cent), stroke (2 per cent), subphrenic abscess (2 per cent) and empyema (2 per cent). There were two anastomotic leaks (4 per cent), clinically manifest as temporary salivary flstulae. There have been 32 deaths from recurrent carcinoma, with a median duration of survival of 14 months (range 4–53 months). Fifteen patients are still alive, with a median survival of 16·5 months (range 3–49 months); the current 3-year survival rate is 10 per cent. All patients resumed normal swallowing after operation, but 11 of them developed anastomotic strictures requiring a median of three dilatations. Avoidance of formal thoracotomy by the abdominocervical approach may allow more rapid oesophagectomy without increasing the risk of postoperative death and gives a quality of palliation at least equivalent to that of conventional transthoracic oesophageal excision.