IN THIS case study, a four-year record review of notifi able industrial disease and accidents was undertaken in Oyo State of Nigeria with an objective of evaluating the administrative effectiveness of occupational health and safety programme in the country. Incidence rate of notifiable industrial accidents was quite high — 18.2/103 workers. The rate was higher in the construction workers — 20.1/103 — than in the manufacturing workers — 16.3/103. Yet, few of the accidents were notified and compensated for under the workmen's Compensation Act. The amount of financial compensation received by the few compensated workers was out of tune with socio-economic realities of the country. Throughout the period of the study not a single notifiable occupational disease was diagnosed and noti fied. Reasons were advanced for non-compliance with safety laws and ineffectiveness of the occupational health and safety system.