Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Trimethylsilyl Enolates of Esters and Imides. High Functional Group Tolerance and Stereoselective Synthesis of α-Aryl Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Abstract

A general procedure for the palladium-catalyzed arylation of trimethylsilyl enolates of esters and imides is reported. In the presence of ZnF₂ or Zn(O-t-Bu)₂ as an additive, the trimethylsilyl enolates of esters, including those bearing α-alkoxy derivatives, underwent arylation in high yield with high functional group tolerance. This arylation chemistry was extended to ester derivatives bearing chiral auxiliaries to form new tertiary stereocenters. The arylation of imides bearing the Evans auxiliary proceeded with selectivities up to 90% de. Further, the arylation of the ketal developed by Ley provided α-aryl glycolates with excellent diastereoselectivities (90 to >98% de). This reaction provides a convenient route to the synthesis of enantiopure α-aryl-α-hydroxy esters. Reactions conducted with Zn(O-t-Bu)₂ as an additive occurred at room temperature to give enhanced diastereoselectivities with both chiral reagents. Mechanistic studies showed that the reaction conditions are neutral enough that the observed diastereomeric ratios reflect kinetic selectivities.