Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Bischloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU)

Abstract

Ten patients developed pulmonary fibrosis after BCNU therapy for malignancy. This was lethal in 7 patients, 4 of whom had no evidence of tumor at autopsy. Presenting symptoms were either the insidious onset of cough and dyspnea or the sudden onset of respiratory failure. Physical findings were unremarkable. Chest roentgenogram usually showed interstitial infiltrates. Pulmonary function studies showed resting hypoxia with diffusion and restrictive defects. This complication of therapy does not appear to be dose related and may be made more likely by the concomitant administration of cyclophosphamide. Prednisone therapy did not benefit most patients. The literature and the implications of the use of BCNU alone or in combination were reviewed.