Early events in the embryo sac after intraspecific and interspecific pollinations in Rhododendron kawakamii and R. retusum

Abstract

Early events in the embryo sac of Rhododendron kawakamii and R. retusum have been studied after compatible self-pollinations and eight interspecific crosses, using sectioned ovaries, pistil squashes, and seed-set data. Ovules of Rhododendron kawakamii and R. retusum are anatropous, unitegmic, and tenuinucellate, with a typical eight-nucleate, seven-celled embryo sac. Fertilization normally occurs 4-5 days after pollination. The zygote lays down a callose wall but remains undivided during the first 13-15 days after pollination. The primary endosperm nucleus divides soon after fertilization, and development is cellular ab initio. Crosses of R. kawakamii (.female.) with R. santapaui and R. retusum and crosses of R. retusum (.female.) with R. kawakamii, R. santapaui, R. ovatum, and R. tashiroi showed apparently normal fertilization in a majority of ovules entered by pollen tubes. In crosses of R. kawakamii (.female.) with R. quadrasianum and Kalmia latifolia entry of pollen tubes into ovules was delayed and frequently abnormal. Apart from compatible self-pollinations of R. kawakamii and R. retusum, only the cross of R. kawakamii (.female.) with R. santapaui produced healthy seedlings. Of the remaining seven interspecific crosses only three showed significant embryo development in control pistils left to mature in situ. Similarities and differences in the breeding behavior of R. kawakamii and R. retusum are discussed with reference to their taxonomic grouping within subsection Pseudovireya.