Convection and Film Instability Copper Anodes in Hydrochloric Acid

Abstract
In the system, when natural convection occurs, there are two steady‐state current plateaus. On the first of these , copper dissolves only in the cuprous form, and the value of the current agrees with that predicted by the Tobias theory of natural convection. On the second plateau, up to 30% of the copper is dissolved as cupric ions. When the circuit is interrupted, the resistance of the CuCl layer decays primarily due to opening of its pores, the pore area increasing linearly with time. Oscillations are found at the anode voltage region below which there is no layer and above which the layer can remain on the electrode indefinitely. A kinetic explanation of oscillations is proposed, and is in accord with the observations.
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