Three-quarters of a century have passed since the discovery of the vulcanization process by Charles Goodyear, Thomas Hancock, and Alexander Parks without the discovery of an essentially new process of vulcanization. In 1915 Ostromislenski reported the discovery of two new methods of vulcanization, namely, vulcanization with nitrocompounds and vulcanization with peroxides and peracids like benzoyl peroxide. Ostromislenski was of the opinion that vulcanization is a process which can be divided into two distinct phases, “Thus we arrive at the conclusion that the vulcanization of caoutchouc is divided sharply into two fundamental phases: 1, a chemical reaction affecting only an insignificant part of the caoutchouc and, 2, adsorption or swelling of the unchanged caoutchouc into the product of this chemical reaction.” a concept which was developed by van Iterson, Jr., in somewhat different form as a working hypothesis for the vulcanization process. It is noteworthy that only in 1929 did Ostromislenski publish a second communication on vulcanization with benzoyl peroxide, even then without offering any new theoretical points.