The effects of tramadol on postoperative nausea, vomiting and headache after ENT surgery. A placebo‐controlled comparison with equipotent doses of nalbuphine and pethidine

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Abstract
Background: Opioids given as adjuncts to balanced inhalational anaesthesia augment postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Tramadol, equipotent to pethidine, does not depress respiration, but can c...