Antisocial personality and hysteria have been thought to represent a single condition. Different clinical presentations for the disorders have been attributed to cultural stereotyping and diagnostic bias. Detailed psychiatric histories taken from 560 nonpatient university students were studied. Diagnoses of antisocial personality and hysteria were based on the diagnostic criteria for psychiatric research of Feighner. Both disorders were present in both sexes. Hysteria was more common for women, whereas antisocial personality occurred more frequently in men. The 2 disorders presented with nearly equal frequency in men. Hysteria was more frequent and antisocial personality was less frequent in women than in men. The 2 disorders were associated for women but not for men. Specific symptoms of antisocial personality were associated with hysteria and were identified. Specific symptoms of hysteria were associated with antisocial personality, differed in some respects between men and women and demonstrated more symptoms of depressive illness for female sociopaths. Antisocial personality, hysteria and their combination considered together as a possible single entity occurred with equal frequency for both sexes.