Improving Polylactide/Starch Biocomposites by Grafting Polylactide with Acrylic Acid – Characterization and Biodegradability Assessment

Abstract

Summary: In this article, the properties of a polylactide and starch composite (PLA/starch) and an acrylic acid grafted polylactide and starch composite (PLA‐g‐AA/starch) were compared. The composite containing PLA‐g‐AA was found to have much better dispersion and homogeneity of starch in the polymer matrix than the composite containing PLA, indicating better compatibility between the two phases. Better mechanical and thermal properties of the PLA‐g‐AA/starch composite, notably an increase in tensile strength and elongation at breakpoint, evidenced its superiority to the PLA/starch composite. Furthermore, the lower viscosity of PLA‐g‐AA/starch makes it easier to process than PLA/starch. Weight loss on exposure to a soil environment over a period of three months showed that the starch in the composites was almost completely biodegradable, even at a high degree of substitution (60 wt.‐% starch). After three months in soil, a reduction in the mechanical properties of the blends was observed, especially in those with higher starch contents. Formation of composite and SEM micrographs of PLA/starch exposed to a soil environment. magnified image Formation of composite and SEM micrographs of PLA/starch exposed to a soil environment.