IV.Turbulent flow in a circular pipe

Abstract

EXPERIMENTS on turbulent flow in a square pipe made with the aid of an ultramicroscope are described in an earlier paper. These experiments gave valuable information on the nature of turbulent flow, especially near a wall, but they suffered from the disadvantage that the turbulent velocities measured cannot be related to the frictional stresses on the wall, because the flow is asymmetrical about the axis. This disadvantage does not arise for a circular pipe because, at a sufficient distance from the entry, the flow is symmetrical about the axis. An examination of turbulent flow in a circular pipe is capable, therefore, of yielding information which cannot be obtained from a square pipe, and for this reason the present work was undertaken.