Differential expression of type I and type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases during cell cycle and cyclic AMP-induced growth arrest.

Abstract

The activation state of cyclic[c]AMP-dependent protein kinase(s) (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) is transiently increased 2-fold as a function of G1 progression in mitotically synchronized Chinese hamster ovary cells. The cellular content of type I kinase increases concomitantly with the increase in general protein, whereas the activity of type II kinase increases as a function of time in G1 to a maximum at the G1/S border. In contrast, in the presence of dibutyryl-cAMP, there is a decrease of type II kinase and a several-fold increase of type I kinase. In proliferating cells, the ratio of type I to type II was 0.37, while in the dibutyryl-cAMP growth-arrested cells it was 3.96. The increase in type II kinase during G1 transition and the increase in type I kinase during dibutyryl-cAMP treatment were dependent on protein synthesis. A similar pattern of type I and type II kinase expression during cell cycle progression occurred in Rat-1 fibroblasts and Rat-1 cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus. The inclusion of dibutyryl-cAMP in the growth media promoted a marked increase in type I holoenzyme, which was inhibited by cycloheximide, and a decrease in type II kinase. Neither AMP nor sodium butyrate had any effect on cellular kinase levels, whereas 8-bromo-cAMP mimicked the action of dibutyryl-cAMP. Estimation of half-lives for the kinase types showed that there was little turnover of either type during normal G1 progression, rapid turnover of both types as cells exited from mitosis and selective turnover of type II upon addition of dibutyryl-cAMP.