Abstract
Nonlinear bound-free x-ray-absorption processes in an intense monochromatic x-ray radiation field such as an x-ray laser are investigated by using a collisional-radiative model. Above a threshold of the x-ray intensity, gain of stimulated free-bound emission is induced by strong photoionization. The wavelength of the stimulated free-bound emission is longer than that of the incident x rays, leading to a down-conversion of the frequency.

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