Preoccupation with Alcohol and Definitions of Alcohol. A Replication Study of Two Cumulative Scales

Abstract
This report has pre-sented some of the results of a replication study of the drinking behavior and attitudes of adult inhabitants of the State of Iowa. The replication findings essentially repeated those of the original work. It has been demonstrated a second time that adult Iowans will discuss with an interviewer their use of beverage alcohol and their thoughts about such beverages. This is true of the whole range of drinkers from the very light to the very heavy consumer. Also, it has again been demonstrated that, on the basis of their statements defining alcohol and, also, their statements describing their drinking behavior, Iowans will rank-order themselves according to Guttman and Stouffer scaling criteria. Finally, the replication has repeated the logically expected interassociations between (a) the definition of alcohol, (b) the extent of drinking, (c) extreme or "alcoholic" drinking behavior, and (d) trouble due to drinking. Approximately 88% of the heavy drinkers, 51% of the moderates, and 27% of the light drinkers (as measured by a quantity-frequency drinking index) gave "personal effects" definitions of alcohol. Some 56% of the heavy, 28% of the moderate and 4% of the light drinkers received Preoccupation Scale scores of I to IV. Preoccupation Scale scores were also associated with reports of trouble due to drinking; 56% of those with scores of I or II reported 2 or more troubles due to drinking, as did 27% of those with scores of IE or IV and 1% of those with a score of V. These interassociations reaffirm the notion that these 4 factors constitute a constellation of phenomena usually found under the label "alcoholism." Additional evidence of the Preoccupation Scale''s validity was seen in the fact that some 80% of a large sample of institutionalized alcoholics received Preoccupation Scale scores of I or II and 10% more had a score of III. We now have greater confidence in the Preoccupation Scale as a potentially useful index for identifying alcoholics and in the Definitions Scale as an intervening social-psychological measure to interpret variations in drinking behavior.