Oscillator evolution in free-electron lasers
- 1 March 1983
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review A
- Vol. 27 (3), 1399-1413
- https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.27.1399
Abstract
In a free-electron laser oscillator, both the amplitude and frequency of the optical field are free to evolve. We use a Lagrangian formalism to describe the dynamics of the interacting electron beam and optical wave in a single pass. The character of the evolution over many passes is controlled by the design of the undulating magnetic field in the free-electron laser interaction region. Several laser magnet designs are presented under the same formalism and compared: the undulator, the tapered undulator, the optical klystron, and transverse gradient ("gain-expansion") undulator. For each of these designs we numerically calculate the gain as a function of optical amplitude and frequency. These "gain surfaces" are used to infer a variety of properties of oscillator evolution and clearly demonstrate the relative merits of each magnet design.Keywords
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