ORGANIC MATTER CHARACTERISTICS OF UNDISTURBED AND CULTIVATED CHERNOZEMIC AND SOLONETZIC A HORIZONS

Abstract

Under a wheat-fallow system of farming practised on Brown, Dark Brown, and Black Chernozemic soils, on a Black Solodized Solonetz, and on Brown and Black Solods, organic C decreased by as much as 60%; the humic acid/fulvic acid ratio decreased little for the semiarid soils but up to 38% for the Black soils; ethanol/benzene-extractable organic matter increased by as much as 330%; chelating resin-extractable C increased by 27–115%; and total acidity of the extracted humic substances increased up to 36%. The ash contents of the humic substances from the Ah horizons were all less than 12%, whereas those of the Ap horizons varied between 20 and 28%. Apparent differences between the infrared spectra of the resin-extractable humic substances of the Ah and Ap horizons existed particularly near 2920 and 1550 cm⁻¹ suggesting less aliphatic C-H and amide bonds. Anthropogenic pressures have wrought, therefore, distinct measurable qualitative changes, i.e., the general trend with cultivation was towards humic materials with a decreased proportion of side chain components, such as C-H and NH₂ groups, but increased carboxyl group content.