Development and Validation of the Theistic Spiritual Outcome Survey

Abstract
The authors developed the Theistic Spiritual Outcome Survey (TSOS) to measure the spiritual outcomes of psychotherapy from a theistic spiritual perspective. A 17-item version of the TSOS was found to have adequate reliability and validity in a sample of college students. Three factors emerged from the analyses that corresponded to the Love of God, Love of Others, and Love of Self subscales. Correlations with measures of psychological outcomes were statistically significant. In subsequent analyses, the TSOS was administered over an 8-week period to a sample of inpatient women with eating disorders and to two samples from inpatient psychological clinics in Germany. The analyses resulting from these studies were also supportive of the psychometric properties and clinical sensitivity of the TSOS.